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TC Watch / 熱帶氣旋 > Selected TC Review / 重要熱帶氣旋回顧 > 201012W (FANAPI 凡亞比) [Refresh 更新]

201012W (FANAPI 凡亞比) - Profile 檔案

(First draft issued on October 2, 2010; final version issued on October 14, 2010)
(初稿於 2010 年 10 月 2 日發出，最後版本於 10 月 14 日上載)

Additional Information 附加資料 : Wind Speed Data for TCs that Have Affected Hong Kong 影響香港氣旋之風速數據

Brief profile of FANAPI 凡亞比小檔案:

*The JTWC issued final warning just 6 hours after FANAPI had made landfall, and dissipation occurred later. JTWC 於凡亞比登陸後六小時發出最後報告，但當時凡亞比仍未消散。

TC signals for Hong Kong & Track 香港曾經生效的熱帶氣旋警告和路徑圖:

Table 表:

Signal 信號	Date and time 日期和時間	Distance from HK 與香港的距離	Predicted movement 預測移動方向和速度	Max. 10-min winds 中心最高十分鐘平均風速
	2010/09/19 (SUN) 16:35 HKT	E 650 km	W at 20 km/h	140 km/h (75 knots, CAT. 1 / T)
	2010/09/20 (MON) 16:05 HKT	ENE 210 km	W / WSW at 20 km/h	90 km/h (50 knots, STS)
	2010/09/21 (TUE) 07:35 HKT	NW 190 km	W / WSW at 20 km/h	45 km/h (25 knots, TD)

Figure 圖:

IR imagery animation 紅外線雲圖動畫:

TC track from HKWW 本站的熱帶氣旋路徑圖:

TC track from HKO 天文台的熱帶氣旋路徑圖:

Past HKWW Bulletins on FANAPI 本站有關凡亞比的發佈

Please click here for bulletins on FANAPI. 請按這裡。

Storm Formation and Development 氣旋形成和發展

FANAPI is the first storm affecting Hong Kong that attained severe typhoon category after the introduction of the new tropical cyclone classification system by the Hong Kong Observatory in 2009.

Tropical disturbance 94W developed to the east of Luzon Strait in mid-September. Its spiral bands tightened and the system strengthened into the twelfth tropical depression this year (12W) in the northwest Pacific basin on September 15. The subtropical ridge to the northeast of 12W was at that time steering it to the northwest, but model guidance suggested a decrease in speed as the ridge was forecast to be eroded by a passing mid-latitude trough and 12W would then be situated in a pressure col.

Model confidence increased in the next few days, from an initial gradual turn to the northwest after a period of northward jogs to a rapid detour to the west, as the subtropical ridge was predicted to strengthen after the passage of the trough.

12W continued to strengthen in favourable environment, and the JMA designated it a tropical storm at 20 HKT that day, naming it FANAPI. The name was contributed by Micronesia, meaning small atoll. FANAPI slowed down significantly that night and turned northeastward as the ridge was broken into two halves with a slight linkage south of FANAPI that was providing the eastward vector to its track. FANAPI gradually expanded in size and convective bands became discernible from all sides by September 16. It was then upgraded into a severe tropical storm by the JMA in its 08 HKT bulletin and the HKO followed at 10 HKT that day. By that time, virtually all agencies had shifted their forecasts south so that a direct hit at Taiwan seemed inevitable.

凡亞比是天文台於 2009 年新增強颱風和超強颱風等級後首個襲港的強颱風 (顛峰強度)。

熱帶擾動 94W 在 9 月中旬於呂宋海峽以東海域發展。其螺旋雲帶收緊，系統於 15 日增強為熱帶低氣壓 12W。在其東北面的副熱帶高壓脊當時正使 12W 向西北移動，但數值預報模式指出隨著該脊被西風槽擊退，12W 將處於鞍場中，前進速度將減慢。

多個模式由初時預測 12W 將在北移一段路程後轉向西北逐步改為急劇轉西，這是由於預測副高將於西風槽過後大舉西伸，令北移分量大幅減低。

12W 於良好環境下繼續增強，JMA 於當日晚上 8 時將其升格為熱帶風暴，並命名為凡亞比。該名稱由米克羅尼西亞提供，意思為環狀珊瑚島。凡亞比當晚明顯減速，並轉向東北移動，這是由於副高斷裂後在凡亞比南方仍然有些微連接，為其提供向東分量。凡亞比的覆蓋面積逐步擴大， 16 日起對流雲團於中心各面均可見。JMA 於當天早上 8 時將其升格為強烈熱帶風暴，而香港天文台於 10 時跟隨。當時各預測機構均已把前進路徑往南調，凡亞比似乎將無可避免地登陸台灣。

Figure 1 - Satellite image at 11 HKT, September 15
圖 1 - 9 月 15 日上午 11 時的衛星雲圖

Figures 2a and 2b - Steering flow at 14 HKT, September 16 and 19
圖 2a 及 2b - 9 月 16 日和 19 日下午 2 時的駛流圖

Figure 3 - Forecast tracks from different agencies
圖 3 - 各官方氣象台之預測路徑

Further Intensification 進一步增強

FANAPI continued to drift northeast slowly for the rest on September 16, but the eastward component diminished at night. A banding eye developed and FANAPI was upgraded to typhoon status by the JMA and JTWC. The HKO also followed near 03 HKT on September 17. At that time the ridge was recovering and the weakness north of FANAPI was gradually being replaced by easterly airflow. Due to the eastern ridge FANAPI maintained some northward track component, and by daybreak it reached 22.5°N.

Model forecasts called for an even stronger ridge that would maintain after FANAPI's landfall in China. The tracks that bent northwest after landfall were replaced by WNW ones, if not due west. HKO also started to mention occasional force 6 winds in offshore areas in their 7-day weather forecast that afternoon, hinting of possible influence from FANAPI.

FANAPI moved WNW in the latter part of September 17, picking up speed at the same time. A clear eye popped out in infrared satellite images that night. The CWB of Taiwan issued the sea warning for typhoons at 23:30 HKT that night due to the obvious threat of FANAPI towards that weekend. At 02 HKT the next day, FANAPI's strength was estimated to be about 90 knots by JTWC which uses the 1-min standard and about 75 knots by the JMA which uses 10-min standard. The Impacts of Typhoons on the Ocean in the Pacific (ITOP) and Taiwan's DOTSTAR program jointly carried out three reconnaissance aircraft mission on September 16, 17 and 18 respectively to determine FANAPI's properties, which, apart from obtaining valuable information for research purposes, provided agencies with more accurate estimates of the storm's strength.

FANAPI continued to move west on September 18, with a very symmetrical structure and a well-defined eye. Taiwan issued its land area for typhoon at 05:30 HKT. The JMA adjusted FANAPI's intensity upward to 85 knots at 08 HKT, and the HKO upgraded FANAPI into a severe typhoon at 10 HKT. Due to FANAPI's subsidence, very hot weather was observed in most areas in Guangdong and Fujian including Hong Kong. The Observatory's temperature topped at 32.7 and 32.8 degrees Celsius respectively on September 18 and 19, while in some parts of the territory the mercury reached 34 or even 35 degrees. The HKO further raised FANAPI's intensity to 165 kn/h (90 knots) on September 18, which is the maximum strength for FANAPI during its lifetime. The CMA, which uses 2-minute averages, upgraded FANAPI into a super typhoon with maximum sustained winds of 52 m/s (101 knots).

凡亞比於 16 日繼續向東北緩慢移動，但東向量於晚間減少。一個雲捲風眼逐漸形成，JMA 和 JTWC 均把凡亞比升格為颱風，而天文台於 17 日凌晨三時跟隨。當時副高正逐漸於凡亞比以北伸展，但受到東面副高的影響，凡亞比仍然維持其向北分量，17 日日出時它已到達北緯 22.5 度。

此時數值預報模式再調高副高強度，指其將於凡亞比登陸後維持，而登陸後轉向西北的預測紛紛轉為西北偏西甚至平西。天文台亦在當天下午於其七天天氣預報中首度預計離岸將間中吹 6 級強風，暗示凡亞比可能影響本港。

凡亞比於 17 日後段向西北偏西移動，前進速度增加。一個清晰的風眼突然在衛星雲圖上出現。台灣中央氣象局於晚上 11 時 30 分發出海上颱風警報，並警告凡亞比將直趨台灣。18 日上午 2 時，JTWC (1 分鐘平均) 估計凡亞比的強度為 90 節，而 JMA (10 分鐘平均) 的則為 75 節。ITOP 與台灣的 DOTSTAR (侵台颱風之飛機偵察及投落送觀測實驗) 聯合對凡亞比進行飛機觀測，於 16 至 18 日三度進行，除作研究用途外亦令各氣象局掌握更準確的強度數據。

凡亞比於 18 日繼續向西移，其結構對稱，風眼非常清晰。台灣當局於上午 5 時 30 分發佈海上陸上颱風警報。JMA 於上午 8 時上調其強度至 85 節，而天文台則於 10 時升格凡亞比為強颱風。受到凡亞比的下沉氣流影響，廣東和福建多處 (包括香港) 出現酷熱天氣。天文台總部於 18 和 19 日分別錄得最高氣溫 32.7 和 32.8 度，部分地區更上升至 34 或 35 度。天文台於 18 日進一步調升凡亞比強度至每小時 165 公里 (90 節)，為其巔峰強度。使用 2 分鐘平均的中國氣象局則升格凡亞比為超級颱風，持續風速為每秒 52 米 (101 節)。

Figure 4 - Satellite image at 03 HKT, September 17
圖 4 - 9 月 17 日上午 3 時的衛星雲圖

Figure 5 - FANAPI at maximum intensity
圖 5 - 凡亞比於巔峰強度時的衛星雲圖

FANAPI's Landfalls 凡亞比登陸

FANAPI appeared on JMA's RADAR placed in the southern Ryukyu on September 18. It was apparent that FANAPI was moving west by north on that day, reaching 24°N near midnight. 10-minute sustained winds of over 45 m/s (87 knots) and maximum gusts of over 60 m/s (115 knots) were recorded in some areas in FANAPI's vicinity, verifying its strength.

In its full fury, FANAPI made landfall near Hualien at 08:45 HKT on September 19. FANAPI moved west by south just prior to landfall. Hurricane force winds were observed in some areas in Taiwan, and (sea-level) barometer readings plunged to 974.6 hPa at Hualien and later 978.2 hPa at Taitung. The hilly terrain on the island severely damaged FANAPI's lower structure. Although FANAPI could be seen losing latitude it became difficult to locate its centre after noon, with its northern circulation being torn apart. The HKO downgraded FANAPI into a typhoon at 14 HKT as it weakened significantly while traversing Taiwan.

The Hong Kong Observatory issued the #1 Standby Signal at 16:35 HKT when FANAPI was still on land, or 650 km to the east of the territory. The Observatory added that as FANAPI would continue to move west after its second landfall near Fujian or eastern Guangdong, local winds would strengthen.

After spending almost half a day on land, FANAPI emerged from Tainan at about 19 HKT that night. Its eye could no longer be seen on satellite images, and its northwestern quadrant was the most severely damaged. It gained some latitude that night, probably as a correction of the southward bend while it crossed Taiwan.

FANAPI continued to move westward as the ridge was firmly in place to its north. It made landfall as a minimal typhoon at Zhangpu in Fujian Province again at 07 HKT on September 20, which was almost the same location as for LIONROCK. It weakened into a severe tropical storm shortly afterwards.

凡亞比於 18 日在日本於琉球群島南部設置的雷達所攝的雷達圖上出現。從該圖可清楚見到凡亞比當天向西微北方向移動，於晚間到達北緯 24 度。凡亞比所到之處附近的氣象站曾錄到 10 分鐘持續風速超過每秒 45 米 (87 節)，陣風更達每秒 60 米 (115 節)，證明凡亞比強度之高。

凡亞比以接近巔峰強度於 19 日上午 8 時 45 分在花蓮一帶登陸，它於登陸前向西微南移動。台灣部分地區錄得颶風風速，花蓮海平面氣壓跌至 974.6 百帕，其後台東亦錄得 978.2 百帕。台灣的高山大幅破壞凡亞比的低層結構，雖然從雷達圖可隱約看到凡亞比緯度下降，但其中心位置於中午後變得難以辨認，而北部對流看似被扯開。天文台於下午 2 時將凡亞比降格為颱風。

隨著凡亞比對香港的威脅增加，天文台於下午 4 時 35 分發出一號戒備信號。當時凡亞比仍在台灣島，於香港東面約 650 公里。天文台亦指出由於凡亞比將於登陸中國大陸後繼續向西移，本地風勢將會增強。

在陸地約半日後，凡亞比於當晚 7 時左右在台南一帶進入台灣海峽。其風眼在衛星圖上已不可見，結構上西北面破壞最為嚴重。它於當晚緯度稍為增加，可能是登陸台灣後大幅南移後的調節。

由於副高強盛，凡亞比繼續西移。它於 20 日上午 7 時以颱風強度登陸福建漳浦，位置跟獅子山登陸地點幾乎一樣。不久，凡亞比減弱為強烈熱帶風暴。

Figures 6a to 6c - RADAR images showing FANAPI approaching Taiwan
圖 6a 至 6c - 雷達圖像顯示凡亞比趨向台灣

Figures 7a and 7b - Sea level pressure trend at Hualien and Taitung
圖 7a 及 7b - 花蓮和颱風之海平面氣壓走勢

Figure 8 - Satellite image showing FANAPI traversing Taiwan
圖 8 - 衛星雲圖顯示凡亞比正橫過台灣

Figure 9 - HKO's track prediction at 17 HKT, September 20
圖 9 - 香港天文台於 9 月 20 日下午 5 時之預測路徑圖

Approaching Hong Kong and Dissipation 靠近香港及消散

FANAPI lost some latitude again shortly after landfall. Although FANAPI continued to weaken, it got closer to Hong Kong and its threat could not be overlooked. The Observatory issued the #3 Strong Wind Signal at 16:05 HKT on September 20 to warn the public of possible strong winds in the territory. It is rather rare for a storm that has crossed central Taiwan to necessitate the Strong Wind Signal in Hong Kong, the most recent one being Typhoon NARI in 2001. FANAPI's rainbands also started to affect Hong Kong, and heavy rain fell over various parts of the territory. The Amber Rainstorm Warning was issued at 20:05 HKT as another rainband affected Hong Kong, which lasted until 21:50 HKT.

Although FANAPI was not far away from the sea, its source of moisture was largely cut off and it weakened into a tropical storm at 18 HKT. The storm gradually disintegrated, with its rainbands diminishing inland and even its centre was very difficult to locate on RADAR images. However, winds turned to southwest and wind speeds generally increased with strong force winds recorded in various offshore areas (e.g. Waglan Island, Cheung Chau, Lau Fau Shan and Chek Lap Kok). The Amber Rainstorm Warning was issued again at 01:55 HKT on September 21, which was upgraded to Red at 02:40 HKT. FANAPI weakened into a tropical depression at 03 HKT, but continued to dump plenty of rain to south China coastal areas. The Landslip warning was issued at 04:15 HKT, while the Amber Rainstorm Warning replaced the Red one at 04:55 HKT (which was cancelled at 05:25 HKT).

FANAPI finally dissipated that morning, and the Strong Wind Signal was lifted at 07:35 HKT. However, its remnants and the southwesterly airstream that it induced continued to produce heavy rain in Guangdong Province, and over 100 people died as a result.

凡亞比登陸後稍為南移。雖然它逐步減弱，但它繼續靠近香港，其威脅仍在。天文台於 20 日下午 4 時 05 分發出三號強風信號，提醒市民本港可能吹強風。風暴橫過台灣中部後影響香港較為罕見，對上一次為 2001 年颱風百合。凡亞比的雨帶亦開始影響香港，多處下起大雨。入黑後另一條雨帶掃過本港，天文台於晚上 8 時 05 分發出黃色暴雨警告，至 9 時 50 分除下。

雖然凡亞比距離海洋不遠，但其中心附近的水氣供應被切斷，它於晚上 6 時減弱為熱帶風暴。凡亞比逐步解體，內陸雨帶減弱，在雷達圖上已很難認出其中心。縱然如此，本港風向轉為西南，風速繼而加強，不少離岸站錄得強風程度風速，包括橫瀾島、長洲、流浮山和機場等。受雨帶影響，黃色暴雨警告於 21 日上午 1 時 55 分再度發出，並於 2 時 40 分轉為紅色。凡亞比於上午 3 時減弱為熱帶低氣壓，但華南地區雨勢持續。山泥傾瀉警告於 4 時 15 分發出，而黃雨信號則於上午 4 時 55 分取代紅雨，並於 5 時 25 分被取消。

凡亞比最終於 21 日早上消散，而三號強風信號於上午 7 時 35 分解除。可是，其殘餘和所引進的西南氣流於隨後數天繼續為廣東帶來大雨，造成超過 100 人死亡。

Figures 10a to 10d - HKO's RADAR images at 4-hour intervals. FANAPI could be seen gradually disintegrating
圖 10a 至 10d - 香港天文台雷達圖 (間隔為 4 小時)。凡亞比正逐步解體

Figures 11a to 11f - Wind direction and wind speed distribution in Hong Kong
圖 11a 至 11f - 本港之風向風速分布

Figures 12a to 12c - Wind speed at Cheung Chau, Stanley and Waglan Island
圖 12a 至 12c - 長洲、赤柱和橫瀾島之風速

Figure 13 - Isohyet chart for September 21
圖 13 - 9 月 21 日之等雨量線圖

Winds Recorded at Reference Stations 參考站所錄得的風速

Charts and Figures 各項數據

Table 1: Track data from HKWW:
表一 : 香港天氣觀測站之路徑資料

Table 2: Data collected by reconnaissance aircraft (08 HKT, September 18)
表二 : 偵察飛機所得資料 (9 月 18 日上午 8 時)

Table 3: Maximum gust and 60-minute average wind speed recorded in Hong Kong from HKO:
表三 : 香港天文台公佈的各站最高 60 分鐘平均風力和陣風數據

Table 4: Rainfall (in millimetres) contributed by FANAPI from HKO (figures in brackets are based on incomplete hourly data):
表四 : 香港天文台公佈的各站雨量資料 (方括號內之數據由不完整之每小時資料擷取)

Last Accessed 最近訪問日期: Sat May 18 2024 15:22:07 HKT
Last Modified 最近修訂日期: Mon Jul 24 2023